Can you believe that the colourful, mille-crepes-like mountains you see above are as old as the dinosaurs?
Here is “Zhangye National Geopark” (張掖國家地質公園), voted by a panel of reporters from 34 major media outlets as one of the most beautiful Danxia (丹霞) landform areas in China. In 2009, Chinese National Geography magazine selected Zhangye Danxia as one of the “six most beautiful landforms” in China.
Nestled in the northwest region of China, within Gansu Province, lies the stunning Zhangye Danxia Geopark, a place where geological wonders and cultural history converge. Renowned for its vibrant rainbow-like rock formations, the geopark is an astonishing example of natural beauty sculpted by millions of years of geological processes. However, its significance extends far beyond its breathtaking landscapes, intertwining with historical narratives and the broader environmental context of China.
Historically, the area surrounding Zhangye has been settled for thousands of years, serving as a critical point along the ancient Silk Road—a network of trade routes that connected the East and West. The Silk Road facilitated not only the exchange of goods but also cultural, technological, and spiritual interactions among diverse civilizations. Zhangye, known as “Yanzhi”（焉支） in ancient times, was a significant hub for Buddhist activities, as evidenced by the presence of ancient temples and relics. This historical backdrop enriches the geopark’s allure, inviting visitors to contemplate the confluence of natural and cultural heritage.
The geological formations within Zhangye Danxia Geopark are the result of intricate sedimentary layering and erosion processes. The vibrant colors of the mountains are attributed to the diverse mineral compositions within the layers, ranging from red and yellow sandstones to green and gray slate. These formations are not only a visual spectacle but also important scientific resources, providing insights into Earth’s geological history. Such natural phenomena underscore China’s status as a nation with a rich tapestry of geological diversity, reflecting its unique environmental conditions shaped by long-term geological activity.
In the context of China’s environmental status, Zhangye Danxia Geopark exemplifies the country’s commitment to preserving natural wonders while promoting sustainable tourism. As rapid urbanization and industrialization continue to put pressure on the environment, China has placed emphasis on ecological conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources. The establishment of geoparks like Zhangye Danxia is part of a broader effort to protect geological heritage, support biodiversity, and raise public awareness about environmental issues. The geopark attracts researchers, geologists, and tourists, encouraging scientific study and appreciation for the natural world.
Moreover, the park’s management emphasizes eco-friendly tourism practices, ensuring that the natural landscape remains intact while providing economic benefits to the local communities. By balancing tourism with conservation, Zhangye Danxia serves as a model for sustainable development, showcasing how natural beauty can contribute to both environmental preservation and local economy.
The significance of Zhangye Danxia goes beyond its physical beauty; it embodies the intertwining narratives of history and nature that define China’s cultural heritage. The interplay of historical trade routes, ancient religions, and scientific discoveries creates a multifaceted identity for the geopark. Tourists visiting Zhangye are not solely spectators of geological marvels; they are participants in a rich historical journey that spans centuries.
As global environmental challenges grow more pressing, the Zhangye Danxia Geopark stands as a reminder of the powerful connection between humans and nature. It reflects China’s diverse landscapes and its ongoing journey toward environmental stewardship, highlighting the importance of protecting natural heritage for future generations. Ultimately, Zhangye Danxia serves both as a geological wonder and a historical treasure, inviting reflection on the deep-rooted ties between culture, history, and the environment.
Image at the top from Emily Zhou